Causes of Texas Independence

Why did Texas want independence from Mexico? On October 2, 1835, rebellious Texans took shots at Mexican soldiers in the town of Gonzales. It was barely a skirmish, as the Mexicans left the battlefield without attempting to engage the Texans, but nevertheless the Battle of Gonzales is considered the first engagement of what would become Texas War of Independence from Mexico. The battle, however, was only the start of the actual fighting: tensions had been high for years between the Americans who had come to settle Texas and the Mexican authorities. Texas formally declared independence in March of 1836: there were many reasons why they did so. 1. The Settlers Were Culturally American, Not Mexican Mexico only became a nation in 1821, after winning independence from Spain. At first, Mexico encouraged Americans to settle Texas. They were given land that no Mexicans had yet laid claim to. These Americans became Mexican citizens and were supposed to learn Spanish and convert to Catholicism. They never really became Mexican, however: they kept their language and ways and culturally had more in common with the people of the USA than with Mexico. These cultural ties with the USA made the settlers identify more with the USA than Mexico and made independence (or US statehood) more attractive. 2. The Slavery Issue Most of the American settlers in Mexico were from southern states, where slavery was still legal. They even brought their slaves with them. Because slavery was illegal in Mexico, these settlers made their slaves sign agreements giving them the status of indentured servants – essentially slavery by another name. The Mexican authorities grudgingly went along with it, but the issue occasionally flared up, especially when slaves ran off. By the 1830s, many settlers were afraid that the Mexicans would take their slaves away: this made them favor independence. 3. The Abolishment of the 1824 Constitution One of Mexico’s first constitutions was written in 1824, which was about the time that the first settlers arrived in Texas. This constitution was heavily weighted in favor of states’ rights (as opposed to federal control). It allowed the Texans great freedom to rule themselves as they saw fit. This constitution was overturned in favor of another that gave the federal government more control, and many Texans were outraged (many Mexicans in other parts of Mexico were, too). Reinstatement of the 1824 constitution became a rallying cry in Texas before the fighting broke out. 4. Chaos in Mexico City Mexico suffered great growing pains as a young nation in the years after independence. In the capital, liberals and conservatives fought it out in the legislature (and occasionally in the streets) over issues such as states rights and the separation (or not) of church and state. Presidents and leaders came and went. The most powerful man in Mexico was Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna. He was president several times, but he was a notorious flip-flopper, generally favoring liberalism or conservatism as it fit his needs. These problems made it impossible for Texans to solve their differences with the central government in any lasting way: new governments often reversed decisions made by previous ones. 5. Economic Ties with the USA Texas was separated from most of Mexico by large swaths of desert with little in the way of roads. For those Texans who produced export crops, such as cotton, it was far easier to send their goods downstream to the coast, ship it to a nearby city like New Orleans and sell them there. Selling their goods in Mexican ports was nearly prohibitively hard. Texas produced a lot of cotton and other goods, and the resulting economic ties with the southern US hastened its departure from Mexico. 6. Texas Was Part of the State of Coahuila y Texas: Texas was not a state in the United States of Mexico,  it was half of the state of Coahuila y Texas. From the beginning, the American settlers (and many of the Mexican Tejanos as well) wanted statehood for Texas, as the state capital was far away and difficult to reach. In the 1830s, the Texans would occasionally have meetings and make demands of the Mexican government: many of these demands were met, but their petition for separate statehood was always denied. 7. The Americans Outnumbered the Tejanos In the 1820s and 1830s, Americans were desperate for land, and often settled in dangerous frontier territories if land was available. Texas has some great land for farming and ranching and when it was opened up, many went there as fast as they could. Mexicans, however, never wanted to go there. To them, Texas was a remote, undesirable region. The soldiers stationed there were usually convicts: when the Mexican government offered to relocate citizens there, no one took them up on it. The native Tejanos, or native-born Texas Mexicans, were few in number and by 1834 the Americans outnumbered them by as many as four-to-one. 8​.  Manifest Destiny Many Americans believed that Texas, as well as other parts of Mexico, should belong to the USA. They felt that the USA should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and that any Mexicans or Indians in between should be kicked out to make way for the rightful owners. This belief was called Manifest Destiny. By 1830, the USA had taken Florida from the Spanish and the central part of the nation from the French (via the Louisiana Purchase). Political leaders such as Andrew Jackson officially disowned rebel actions in Texas but covertly encouraged Texas settlers to rebel, giving tacit approval of their deeds. The Path to Texas Independence Mexicans were keenly aware of the possibility of Texas splitting off to become a state of the USA or an independent nation. Manuel de Mier y Terà ¡n, a respected Mexican military officer, was sent to Texas to make a report on what he saw. He gave a report in 1829 in which he reported the large number of legal and illegal immigrants into Texas. He recommended that Mexico increase its military presence in Texas, outlaw any further immigration from the USA and move large numbers of Mexican settlers into the area. In 1830, Mexico passed a measure to follow Terà ¡ns suggestions, sending additional troops and cutting off further immigration. But it was too little, too late, and all the new resolution accomplished was to anger those settlers already in Texas and hasten the independence movement. There were many Americans who immigrated to Texas with the intention of being good citizens of Mexico. The best example is Stephen F. Austin. Austin managed the most ambitious of the settlement projects and insisted his colonists adhere to the laws of Mexico. In the end, however, the differences between the Texans and the Mexicans were too great. Austin himself changed sides and supported independence after years of fruitless wrangling with the Mexican bureaucracy and about a year in a Mexican prison for supporting Texas statehood a little too vigorously. Alienating men like Austin was the worst thing Mexico could have done: when even Austin picked up a rifle in 1835, there was no going back. On October 2, 1835, the first shots were fired in the town of Gonzales. After the Texans captured San Antonio, General Santa Anna marched north with a massive army. They overran the defenders at the Battle of the Alamo on March 6, 1836. The Texas legislature had officially declared independence a few days before. On April 21, 1835, the Mexicans were crushed at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna was captured, essentially sealing Texas independence. Although Mexico would try several times in the next few years to reclaim Texas, it joined the USA in 1845. Sources Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: the Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. New York: Anchor Books, 2004. Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War With the United States. Hill and Wang, 2007, New York.

Eco365 Week1 Essay - 2640 Words

| Syllabus School of Business ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics | Copyright  © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of microeconomics. Students learn practical applications for microeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor†¦show more content†¦2.5 Analyze the relationship between productivity and the cost of production. 2.6 Analyze the effect of changes in the supply of and demand for factors of production on the price of inputs. 2.7 Analyze the effect of changes in marginal revenues and costs on a firm’s profit-making potential. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 12 of Economics. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 13 of Economics. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 19 of Economics. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 19W of Economics. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 20 of Economics. | | | Discussion Questions | Respond to weekly discussion questions.To earn full credit for DQ participation you must post 2 or more posts on EACH of 4 or more days excluding the weekly summary | DQ#1 due by 5/23; DQ#2 by 5/25 | 1.5 | Weekly summary | Each weeks’ summary should reflect how the weeks content could be applied to your place of work, prior place of work, your personal econo mic decisions, or some current event in the news. Please do NOT just make it a long list of textbook topics | 5/27 | 0.5 | Individual Supply and Demand Simulation | Complete the Supply and Demand Simulation located on the student website. Write 700 - 1,050-word paper of no more than summarizing the content. Address the following: * Identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation.

Canadian GDP Essay Example For Students

Canadian GDP Essay Canadian GDPThe output or GDP of Canada has increasedfrom 1995 to 1999. This means that more people became employed orproductivity has risen. With the GDP on the rise, Canada is ableto buy more because people will have more money from work. This wouldappreciate the dollar because Canadians need the U.S. dollar to purchaseour goods. Demand, on the other hand, has somewhatstayed the same. There were periods when it was up and periods whenit was down. When the demand for passenger cars was falling, Canadianswere looking elsewhere to buy their cars. This factor would, mostlikely appreciate the dollar because, one again, the Canadians would needthe U.S. dollar to buy our cars. When the demand was up, the oppositesituation would happen. The unemployment rate for Canada fell,possible because of increased advertisement. When the unemploymentof a country is low, output and productivity are raising. I statedbefore, as output rises, imports will also rise. This is due to theincrease of money in the country. The dollar will appreciate relativeto the Canadian dollar. Canadas inflation has risen 7% in thelast five years. As the price of Canadas goods increase, the U.S. is looking elsewhere to buy its products. The supply of the U.S. dollar would decrease in Canada and the U.S. dollar would appreciate. In order to get an exact reading of the actions taken by Canada, we mustlook at their inflation compared to the U.S. I looked at http://www.stls.frb.org/fred/data/cpi/cpiaucsl,and I found that the U.S. had an 11% inflation rate. This means thatproduct price of the U.S. has risen faster to that of Canada. Thismeans that Canada was possible taking there business elsewhere, causingthe dollar to depreciate. The interest rates of Canada are clearlyon the downfall. Less people are putting their money into the investingsector. When the interest decreases, it is likely that Canada isputting their money into the U.S. This would appreciate the dollarbecause Canada would need the U.S. currency to invest in our country. Canada is running a constant trade surplus. We must also look at the current account balance of Canada. It decreaseddrastically from 1996 to 1997. This, most likely, means their importswere greater than their exports. You would be able to see this ontheir goods and service balance. I would assume that they do havea merchandise trade deficit because Canada is getting money from investingincome. I see this because there is little investing domestically. Therefore, Canada must be making their money abroad. This would appreciatethe dollar because Canada is depending on our currency to buy our products. The Pacific Exchange Rate graph showsthe U.S. dollar appreciating. The exchange rate started at $.71 in1995 and is currently around $.676. Most of the indicators show thedollar appreciating to the Canadian currency. One strong indicationof the dollar appreciation is that of the financial market. You cansee the share prices decrease. At the same time the dollar appreciateddrastically. This could have been due to the flooding of U.S. marketsfor higher rates of return.

Communication Plan for Toyota Sold Worldwide

Question: Describe about the Communication Plan for Toyota for Sold Worldwide. Answer: Introduction Toyota is a Japanese automotive company that is known for its economic yet luxuries cars that are sold worldwide. The manufacturer has currently come up with a new product which is an innovative car and the below report is an analysis of the key stakeholders that need to be involved in the communication plan and how the communication plan goes about. The report identifies each of the relevant stakeholders for Toyota and the efficient communication channel for the sales of Innovative car. The advantages and disadvantages of each of this channels is analysed and how the communication would be evaluated is presented. The stakeholders analysis is done with the help of the financial records of the company, the website of the company and the several news articles that are available in regard to the company. All information is presented in tabular columns to make report easier to understand. Stakeholders Toyota has a strong love towards each and every of its stakeholders. They believe that only through sustainable development with the various stakeholders Toyota can actually grow. In the very Corporate Social Responsibility Policy itself Toyota has ensured to inculcate the necessity to maintain an open and fair communication with the stakeholders making sure the impact of their actions are thought through and understood in regard to the stakeholders interests as well. On performing a detailed analysis of the companys website, an analysis of the companys financials and the organizational structure of Toyota there are five key stakeholders that Toyota has great regard for. Customers No company forms without the customers. Customers are the revenue generators of any business and hence the companies works with the motto of producing goods that add value to the customer (Prahalad, 2013). In case of the Toyota Innovative car, the production has taken place to add a significant utility worth to the customer market. The car has been introduced for the customer and is expected to meet several demands of the customer and add an essence of luxury (Harrison, 2015). Pre and posts sales activities are also necessary part of the Toyotas customer services. Since Toyota produces customer centric automobiles, customers are one of the key stakeholders in the company. In marketing and pricing criteria, the culture of the customer group is given high consideration (Gounaris, 2015). The marketing strategies in the western countries are different from that in the eastern countries making sure that they reach customers with regard to their background. Employees Employees are the core of the company and they represent the company. Employee satisfaction is of prime importance at Toyota. Employees make or break the system and ensuring employee growth has a major effect on how well the functions within the company are carried out (Bersin, 2013). With the innovative car production at Toyota, several employees have been given the opportunity to brainstorm for ideas that are creativity and producing a car that is attractive to the customer. Also, at Toyota, economic cars are given more importance and hence producing a new car at a competitive price has been successfully carried on by the employees. Toyota has a strict belief in the necessity of bilateral communication and makes effort to increase a sense of unity with all levels of employees. Labor management is done through mutual trust and responsibility (Suri, 2015). Business Partners The global presence of Toyota involves a collaboration with several business partners all around the world. These business partners are the several supplier and dealers with whom the company shares its policies and principles (stebro, 2015). In case of suppliers, Toyota believes that there is a need to form a firm bond with the vendors through a mutual trust, mutual benefit policy to make sure that the customer is served properly. To make this possible Toyota has an open door policy for the purpose of fair competition. Also, the company encourages local suppliers to have ensure CSR. The company also has close relations with its sales networks (Lazzarotti, 2014). These are the business partners that actually bring business and are in direct contact with the customer. Hence, it is crucial that the various parties involved know the values of Toyota and share similar vision to grow mutually. Toyota contributes in marketing and sales activities and run with the principle of Customers First, Dealers Second, Manufactures Third emphasizing on the importance of dealers in a business. In a large scope there is almost no direct contact of the core manufacturing unit with the customers. It is the pre-sales, sales and post-sales team that actually bring value to the company (Kusari, 2013). It is hence crucial to have a clear involvement with both the suppliers and sales team to ensure that the innovative car is built with first class quality and is sold in the best possible way. To enhance the relations with its business partners Toyota has taken up several initiatives such as Motor Shows, racing activities, customized car shows etc. Shareholders As of 31st March 2016, Toyota has about 682,802 shareholders with Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. and Toyota Industries Corporation as the major shareholders. Every company has a responsibility towards their shareholders and are obliged to share financial information in regard to all the functions that happen in a company (Kieschnick, 2013). Introducing an innovative car is risky given the standard models that have been presented by Toyota. Such activities need the consent of the major shareholders as they have a say in deciding if the introduction of a new car would be beneficial to the revenue and reputation of the company. Also, the cost involved in research and development are relatively high and hence the shareholders often show concerns when new products are being introduced (Hope, 2013). The shareholders at Toyota also share their philosophy of quality first and hence it is crucial to convince these first set of people to make sure the investments are made to produce the innovative car. Post production, the sales plan, marketing ways and how the car would make a difference and penetrate into the current market is keenly discussed and presented and signed off by the shareholders. Global Society and Local Community The companies today not only strive for profits but also make sure they make a difference to the communities they are involved with (Navi, 2012). In the production of innovative car, local suppliers where given equal opportunities with a fair competition policy. The company has taken up initiatives to increase smart mobility society, afforestation, biotechnology and robotics. The company has nine rice production corporations and promotion of onsite kaizen. The company has also made investments in rehabilitation aid robots and human support robots. This is a part of their corporate social responsibility. The need to ensure that the local communities that are effected by the business of Toyota are required to be safeguarded. Additional Toyota also makes significant contribution to local communities around the world. Communication Scope The introduction of the new innovative car would need to be communicated to a large group of stakeholders. The communication scope would involve all the five major stakeholders, however the extent of communication would vary. Stakeholder Management The below is an analysis of the stakeholders expectations and ways the innovative car would fulfill each of these expectations Stakeholder Need How need is fulfilled? Customers Economic and comfortable automobile that has new and attractive features Innovative car is different from the standard cars produced at Toyota and at the same time is economic and new (Goetsch, 2014) Employees Apart from monetary gain, employees look for a chance to learn and work on new technologies (Chen, 2013). The employees where given a chance to brainstorm and come up with significant changes to the existing car models. Business Partners Suppliers look for a chance to do business with Toyota and sales team look for an innovative, easy to sell and economic products to sell. Suppliers are given fair competition policies and local suppliers are given chance to be a part of Toyota. Sales team have a new product to endorse that is both innovative and economic and has several new features (Jamieson, 2012). Shareholders CSR and revenue The prime concern of shareholders is making money. Having a financial strong product will not only please the maximum shareholders but will also improve the investments of smaller shareholders (Brandt, 2016). Also, every shareholder again have a responsibility towards the community and generating revenue will ensure enough funds for investing in CSR initiatives Local Communities Need for environmentally concerned products that do not have a negative impact on the communities and ecology Innovative car is an initiative of the eco car sector of the company that is fuel efficient and economic. The companys sales would also increase the investment the company would make in CSR activities. Objectives The main objective of communication plan is to make sure that every stakeholder except the local communities is kept in constant update of the innovative cars release. Given that the car in new and there are no other cars in the genre it is crucial that its features are highlighted and given appreciation. Convincing the shareholders post production of the profits, the customers of the economic and luxury benefits the care provides, the sales team as to why the car has to be bought and how it needs to be sold and the employee of what needs to be done in case of further productions phases are the key aspects. Significant importance is also given to the need to ensure that the sales team is highly aware of the features of the car and efficient marketing is done throughout. Local communities are not included as a part of the communication plan as key focus is on the sales of the car. In case someone comes up with an issue, the fuel efficiency and the other ecological features of the car would be highlighted. Commutation channels Below are the regularly used communication channels with various stakeholders that have proven to be effective over the years. The frequency of the same is given below as well. Stakeholders Communication Method Frequency Customers Website, Advertisements, Customer service centers, product service centers, social media, direct sales and valuable customers gatherings The new car would be introduced in the presence of elite customers. The marketing for the same is communicated through several methods mentioned from 2 months before launch till a 3 months post launch. Post first three months communication plan will be modified based on sales Employees Labor management Conferences and employee satisfaction surveys Constant communication is done with employees all around the production cycle to make sure that they are kept updated with all the company plans. Also, all concerns are heard and addressed. Post first phase of production, employee survey is taken to analyze what else can be done to help the employee satisfaction (Gailloux, 2012) Business Partners Conferences There would be one meeting with suppliers post production to thank them for their cooperation. There would be one meeting one month prior to model release with dealers to provide them insights of the new car, its features and how it is one the most innovative cars. From release the sales teams would be provided sessions as and when required Shareholders Briefing on business initiative, one on one meetings and shareholder meeting They would be kept in loop at all major decision points. Post release the shareholders would be given weekly updates on sales numbers for a month and then monthly reports will be sent. Global Society No communication There is no communication done with local communities during sales phase of the innovative cars Communication Metrics Communication Method Advantage Disadvantage Metrics Marketing methods with customers Mass communication Customers do not feel special or individually valued All the mass communication channels are rated based on the number of views, shares and likes they get (Bruns, 2014). This would help in understanding how many customers where actually approached (Peters, 2013) Elite Customer Group Customers feel valued Fewer Customers are covered Since elite customers are those who bring huge business making they feel valued. Post gathering questionnaire are distributed as a mode of feedback and their opinions are considered to analyze how well the communication was done. Conferences with stakeholder Group interaction Chances of debating The agreement and non-agreement is the only way to analyze the communication with the stakeholders in conferences One on one meetings Face to face interactions Varied opinions Post meeting the shareholders are given a survey to understand if the communication was efficient (Yanggratoke, 2016) Sales Conference All the dealers are briefed on the product at a time - After each conference each dealer and sales representative is requested to write a test kind of a survey. Scores of the test will show how efficient the conference has been Conclusion Identifying and analyzing the key stakeholders of a company is key to develop an effective communication plan especially when launching a new product. Making sure that the communication is efficient and effective and channelizing information through appropriate media is required to ensure that everyone involved has a clear idea of what is happening. The communication of Toyotas innovative car is designed keeping these aspects in mind as it is of high importance that all the communication media is thoroughly analyzed, listing its advantages and disadvantages and finding ways to understand how well the communication has been made. References stebro, T., Serrano, C. J. (2015). Business partners: Complementary assets, financing, and invention commercialization. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 24(2), 228-252. Bersin, J. (2013). Employee Retention Now a Big Issue: Why the Tide has Turned. Retrieved February, 20, 2014. Suri, E. A. (2015). The Dominant Factors of Employee Value Proposition: Generation Y. Advanced Science Letters, 21(4), 910-912. Brandt, F., Georgiou, K. (2016). Shareholders vs Stakeholders Capitalism. Bruns, A., Stieglitz, S. (2014). Metrics for understanding communication on Twitter. Twitter and society, 89, 69-82. Chen, X., Song, H. Y., Han, Y. (2013, January). Leadership Behavior, Employee Needs and Working Outcomes: An Exploratory Study. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 12813). Academy of Management. Gailloux, M. A., Samson, K., Shah, G. M. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,135,388. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Gounaris, S. (2015). Customer Experience. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Harrison, M. P., Beatty, S. E., Reynolds, K. E., Noble, S. M. (2015). Why Customers Stay in Relationships: The Lock-in Factors. In Proceedings of the 2008 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 94-94). Springer International Publishing. Hope, O. K. (2013). Large shareholders and accounting research. China Journal of Accounting Research, 6(1), 3-20. Jamieson, D., Eklund, S., Meekin, B. (2012). Strategic Business Partner Role: Definition, Knowledge, Skills Operating Tensions. The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management, 3, 112-128. Kieschnick, R., Laplante, M., Moussawi, R. (2013). Working capital management and shareholders wealth. Review of Finance, 17(5), 1827-1852. Kim, A., Housman, M. G. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 20,150,186,817. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kusari, S., Hoeffler, S., Iacobucci, D. (2013). Trusting and monitoring business partners throughout the relationship life cycle. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 20(3), 119-138. Lazzarotti, V., Manzini, R., Nosella, A., Pellegrini, L. (2014). Open innovation with scientific and business partners: the mediating role of internal relational social capital in foresting innovation ambidexterity. CINet 15th, Operating innovation, Innovating operation. Navi, S. T. (2012). Corporate social responsibility. Pedersen, E. R. G. (Ed.). (2015). Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Peters, K., Chen, Y., Kaplan, A. M., Ognibeni, B., Pauwels, K. (2013). Social media metricsA framework and guidelines for managing social media. Journal of interactive marketing, 27(4), 281-298. Prahalad, C. K., Ramaswamy, V. (2013). The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Harvard Business Press. Yanggratoke, R., Ahmed, J., Ardelius, J., Flinta, C., Johnsson, A., Gillblad, D., Stadler, R. (2016). A service-agnostic method for predicting service metrics in real-time.